When are stepped footings used?

• A. For seismic reasons
• B. For cosmetic reasons
• C. When there is a grade change
• D. For drainage

Answer: (C)

Stepped footings are used when the site grade changes, so the foundation can follow the slope and keep the wall base at the correct elevation relative to the finished grade. By stepping the footing, each portion of the wall sits on a footing that matches the local ground level, ensuring the loads transfer evenly and reducing the risk of differential settlement. This approach avoids trying to place a single flat footing on varying ground and supports proper tie-in with the slab and surrounding grade. It’s not about seismic effects, cosmetic appearance, or drainage—the purpose is to accommodate topography and maintain consistent foundation elevation.